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Oswald Boelcke (; 19 May 1891 – 28 October 1916) was a German flying ace of the First World War and one of the most influential patrol leaders and tacticians of the early years of air combat. Boelcke is considered the father of the German fighter air force, as well as the "Father of Air Fighting Tactics".〔Simkin, John. ("Oswald Boelcke." ) ''Spartacus Educational.'' Retrieved: 5 October 2010.〕〔("Oswald Boelcke." ) ''Find a Grave,'' 19 January 2000. Retrieved: 5 October 2010.〕 He was the first to formalize rules of air fighting, which he presented as the ''Dicta Boelcke''. While he promulgated rules for the individual pilot, his main concern was the use of formation fighting rather than single effort.〔Duffy, Michael. ("Who's Who - Oswald Boelcke." ) ''firstworldwar.com,'' 22 August 2009. Retrieved: 5 October 2010.〕 Germany's premier ace, Manfred von Richthofen (The Red Baron), had been taught by Boelcke and continued to idolize his late mentor long after he had surpassed Boelcke's tally of victories. ==Early years== Boelcke was born in Giebichenstein, the son of a schoolmaster. His father's first teaching job had been in Argentina from where the family had recently returned. Boelcke's three elder siblings were born in Buenos Aires.〔("Oswald Boelcke." ) ''AcePilots'' via ''Acepilots.com.'' Retrieved: 5 October 2010.〕 His family name was originally spelt Bölcke, but Oswald and his elder brother Wilhelm dispensed with the umlaut and adopted the Latin spelling in place of the German. The pronunciation is the same for both spellings. Boelcke's family moved to Dessau, the capital of the Duchy of Anhalt when he was young. As a youth he caught whooping cough; in order to build up his stamina, he became increasingly involved in playing sports but retained a tendency towards asthma throughout his life.〔VanWyngarden 2006〕 Among his athletic pursuits were swimming, tennis, rowing, and gymnastics.〔 However, he never did become very large; in later life, he was described as being about 5 feet 7 inches tall.〔 Oswald Boelcke was studious as well as athletic, excelling at mathematics and physics. His father was a nationalist and a militarist. Under his influence, the 13-year-old Boelcke had the audacity to write a personal letter to the Kaiser requesting an appointment to military school.〔 His wish was granted, but his parents objected and he did not attend Cadet School.〔("Oswald Boelcke" English translation of original Polish) ) ''Armia Niemiecka 1914-1918. Retrieved: 5 October 2010.〕 Instead he attended ''Herzog Friedrichs-Gymnasium'', graduating Easter 1911. After leaving school he joined Telegraphen-Bataillon Nr. 3 in Koblenz as a ''Fahnenjunker'' (cadet officer) on 15 March 1911. After attending Kriegsschule in Metz, Alsace-Lorraine, where he took his lieutenant's exam, he received an officer commission in the Prussian Army a year later. Since Boelcke had Abitur, his commission was pre-dated 23 August 1910, making him senior to the other new lieutenants in his battalion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oswald Boelcke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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